Platanthera psycodes (L.) Lindl. 1835
Plant and Flowers in situ Minnesota
Photos by © David Tidaback
Drawing by © Blanche Ames
LATE 
Common Name Small Purple Fringed Orchid - The Lesser Purple Fringed Orchid - The Butterfly Platanthera
Flower Size 5/8" [1.7 cm]
Found in Minnesota, Wisconson, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee, West Virginia, Pennsyvania, Virginia, New Jersey, New York, Massachusetts, Conneticutt, Rhode Island, Vermont, New Hampshire and Maine USA and adjoining Canada in wet thickets, meadows, swamps and bogs as a medium to large sized, cold growing terrestrial with numerous fleshy roots and 2 to 5 basal, elliptic to lanceolate, acute, keeled on the back, dark green, basally clasping leaves becoming bracts above that blooms in the late spring and summer on an long, erect, stout, leafy, 8 to 32" [20 to 80 cm] many [20 to 50] flowered, racemose inflorescence with lanceolate, acuminate, green often edged in purple, as long as the ovary floral bracts and carrying fragrant flowers.
Synonyms Blephariglottis fissa (Muhl. ex Willd.) G.Keller & Soó 1935; Blephariglottis psycodes (L.) Rydb. 1901; Blephariglottis psycodes f. albiflora (Ralph Hoffm.) Baumbach & P.M.Br. 2009; Blephariglottis psycodes f. albispicata House 1923; Blephariglottis psycodes f. ecalcarata (M.M.Bryan) Baumbach & P.M.Br. 2009; Blephariglottis psycodes f. fernaldii (J.Rousseau & Rouleau) Baumbach & P.M.Br. 2009; Blephariglottis psycodes f. rosea (P.M.Br.) Baumbach & P.M.Br. 2009; Blephariglottis psycodes f. varians (M.M.Bryan) Baumbach & P.M.Br. 2009; Fimbriella psycodes (L.) Butzin 1981; Habenaria fissa (Muhl. ex Willd.) Spreng. 1826; Habenaria psycodes (L.) Spreng. 1826; Habenaria psycodes f. albiflora R.Hoffm. 1922; Habenaria psycodes f. ecalcarata (M.M.Bryan) Dole 1937; Habenaria psycodes f. varians (M.M.Bryan) Fernald 1946; Habenaria psycodes var. ecalcarata M.M.Bryan 1917; Habenaria psycodes var. varians M.M.Bryan 1917; Habenaria racemosa Raf. 1820; Orchis fissa Muhl. ex Willd. 1805; Orchis incisa Muhl. ex Willd. 1805; *Orchis psycodes L. 1753; Platanthera fissa (Muhl. ex Willd.) Lindl. 1835; Platanthera psycodes f. albiflora (R.Hoffm.) R.E.Whiting & Catling 1982; Platanthera psycodes f. ecalcarata (M.M.Bryan) P.M.Br. 1988; Platanthera psycodes f. rosea P.M.Br. 1995; Platanthera psycodes f. varians (M.M.Bryan) P.M.Br. 1988
References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ;
Sp. Pl.: 943 L. 1753 as Orchis psycodes;
Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4: 40 Muhl. ex Willd. 1805 as Orchis fissa
Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4: 40 Muhl. ex Willd. 1805 as Orchis incisa
Ann. Nat.: 15 Raf. 1820 as Habenaria racemosa
Syst. Veg., ed. 16. 3: 693 Spreng 1826 as Habenaria fissa nom. illeg.
Syst. Veg., ed. 16. 3: 693 Spreng 1826as Habenaria psycodes
* Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl.: 294 Lindley 1835
Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl.: 294 Lindley 1835 as P fissa
Man. Fl. N. States: 296 Rybd. 1901 as Blephariglottis psycodes
Studies in the Family Orchidaceae Vol 4: pl 66 Ames 1910 as Habenaria psycodes
Studies in the Family Orchidaceae Vol 4: pl 66 Ames 1910 as Habenaria psycodes drawing fide;
Die Orchideen Schlechter 1915;
Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 4: 38 M M Bryan 1917 as Habenaria psycodes var. ecalcarata
Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 4: 38 M M Bryan 1917 as Habenaria psycodes var. varians
Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 36: 248 Ralph Hoffm. 1922 as Habenaria psycodes f. albiflora
Bull. New York State Mus. Nat. Hist. 243-244: 19 House 1923 as Blephariglottis psycodes f. albispicata
Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Sonderbeih. A 2: 308 G.Keller & Soó 1935 as Blephariglottis fissa
Fl. Vermont, ed. 3: 93 Dole 1937 as Habenaria psycodes f. ecalcarata
Rhodora 48: 184 Fernald 1946 as Habenaria psycodes f. varians
Native Orchids of North America: 97 Correll 1950 as Habenaria psycodes
Native Orchids of North America: 98 Correll 1950 as Habenaria psycodes drawing fide;
Native Orchids of North America: 99 Correll 1950 as Habenaria psycodes var grandiflora drawing fide;
Encyclopedia of Cultivated Orchids Hawkes 1965;
AOS Bulletin Vol 35 No 6 1966 as Habenaria psycodes photo fide;
AOS Bulletin Vol 37 No 4 1968 as Habenaria psychodes photo fide;
AOS Bulletin Vol 39 No 9 1970 as Habenaria psycodes photo fide;
The Native Orchids of the United States and Canada Luer 1975 drawing/photos fide;
Willdenowia 11: 324 Butzin 1981 as Fimbriella psycodes;
Naturaliste Canad. 109: 278 R.E.Whiting & Catling i 1982 as Platanthera psycodes f. albiflora
AOS Bulletin Vol 56 No 5 1987 photo fide;
Wild Fl. Notes 3: 24 P M Br. 1988 as Platanthera psycodes f. ecalcarata
Wild Fl. Notes 3: 24 P M Br. 1988 as Platanthera psycodes f. varians
The Manual Of Cultivated Orchid Species Bechtel, Cribb & Launert 1992 photo fide;
Schlechteriana Vol 4 No 4 1993;
AOS Bulletin Vol 62 No 4 1993 photo fide;
AOS Bulletin Vol 63 No 4 1994;
N. Amer. Native Orchid J. 1: 289 P M Br. 1995 as Platanthera psycodes f. rosea
AOS Bulletin Vol 66 No 5 1997 photo fide;
AOS Bulletin Vol 68 No 8 1999 photo fide;
Rudolf Schlechter Die Orchideen Band 1C lieferung 40 pg 2492 - 2564 Brieger 2000 as Fimbriella psycodes drawing fide;
AOS Bulletin Vol 72 No 1 2003 drawing fide;
AOS Bulletin Vol 72 No 10 2003 photo fide;
AOS Bulletin Vol 78 No 5 2009 photo fide;
AOS Bulletin vol 78 No 8 2009 photo fide;
N. Amer. Native Orchid J. 15: 75 Baumbach & P.M.Br. 2009 as Blephariglottis psycodes f. albiflora
N. Amer. Native Orchid J. 15: 75 Baumbach & P.M.Br. 2009 as Blephariglottis psycodes f. ecvalcarata
N. Amer. Native Orchid J. 15: 75 Baumbach & P.M.Br. 2009 as Blephariglottis psycodes f. rosea
N. Amer. Native Orchid J. 15: 75 Baumbach & P.M.Br. 2009 as Blephariglottis psycodes f. varians
AOS Bulletin Vol 80 #6 2011 photo fide;
Orchid Digest Vol 76 #1 2012 photo fide;
AOS Bulletin Vol 81 #1 2012 photo fide;
AOS Bulletin Vol 81 #2 2012 photo fide;
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