Calanthe sylvatica (Thouars) Lindl. 1833 SECTION Calanthe Photo by © Dominique Karadioff

Another Flower Photo by © Lourens Grobler

Another Flower fide to Cribb 2009 fig 26.4 Photo by © Olaf Pronk and Laurette E.U.R.L. orchids of Madagascar

TO and

Common Name The Forest-Dwelling Calanthe - In China Chang Ju Xia Ji Lan

Flower Size 1 to 2" [2.5 to 5 cm]

Found in Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Guinea, Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda, Sao Tome e Principe, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Comoros Islands, Madagascar and the Mascarenes, India, Myanamar, Thailand, Vietnam, Java, Sumatra, Borneo, Vietnam and southeastern China at elevations of 400 to 2700 meters in broadleafed, evergreen, humid primary forests in soils dampened by mists and splash along steep watercourses in humus and deep shade, as a medium sized, cool to hot growing terrestrial with small, 2 to 4 noded, ovoid pseudobulbs enveloped by basal leaf sheaths and carrying several, broad, elliptic-lanceolate, plicate, longitudinally ribbed, dark green, sulcate, softly pubescent, acuminate, gradually narrowing below into the petiolate base leaves that are narrowed below into a petiole that blooms in the spring and summer on an erect, successively opening, 20 to 28" [50 to 70 cm] long, racemose, slightly pubescent, few to many flowered inflorescence.

Calanthe masuca is often cited as a synonym of this species and I have left its synonyms here as Calanthe sylvatica but you can refer to see Calanthe masuca and its cited synonyms. In the main index Calanthe masuca synonyms are shown as its synonyms but may actually be Calanthe sylvatica.

Synonyms Alismorchis centrosis (Thouars) Steud. 1840; Alismorchis emarginata [Bl] Kuntze 1891; Alismorchis masuca (D.Don) Kuntze 1891; Alismorkis natalensis (Rchb.f.) Kuntze 1891 ; Alismorkis plantaginea (Thouars) Kuntze 1891; Alismorkis purpurea (Lindl.) Kuntze 1891 -; Alismorkis textori (Miq.) Kuntze 1891; Amblyglottis emarginata Blume 1825; Bletia masuca D. Don 1825; Bletia sylvatica (Thouars) Bojer 1837; Calanthe albolongicalcarata S.S.Ying 1974; Calanthe candida Bosser 1989; Calanthe corymbosa Lindl. 1862; Calanthe curtisii Rchb.f. 1884; Calanthe delphinioides Kraenzl. 1893; Calanthe emarginata [Bl] Lindl. 1833; Calanthe furcata f. masuca (D.Don) M.Hiroe 1971; Calanthe furcata f. textori (Miq.) M.Hiroe 1971; Calanthe humbertii H.Perrier 1955; Calanthe longicalcarata Hayata ex Yamam. 1930; Calanthe masuca (D. Don) Lindl. 1833; Calanthe masuca Thwaites 1884; Calanthe masuca f. albiflora (Ida) K.Nakaj. 1971; Calanthe masuca var. purpurea (Lindl.) Rao & S.R.Rathore 1984; Calanthe natalensis (Rchb. f.) Rchb. f. 1856; Calanthe neglecta Schltr. 1915; Calanthe okinawensis f. albiflora Ida 1969; Calanthe purpurea Lindl. 1833; Calanthe sanderiana Rolfe 1892; Calanthe schliebenii Mansf. 1933; Calanthe seikooensis Yamam. 1931; Calanthe stolzii Schltr. 1915; Calanthe sylvatica var. geerinckiana Stévart 2000; Calanthe sylvatica var. natalensis Rchb.f. 1846 ; Calanthe textori Miq. 1866; Calanthe sylvatica var. pallidipetala Schltr 1924; Calanthe sylvestris Lindl. ex Steud. 1840; Calanthe textori f. albiflora (Ida) Hatus 1971; Calanthe textori var. longicalcarata (Hayata ex Yamam.) Garay & H.R.Sweet 1974; Calanthe versicolor Lindl. 1871; Calanthe violacea Rolfe 1913; Calanthe volkensii Rolfe 1897; Calanthe wightii Rchb.f. 1864; Centrosis corymbosa Thouars 1822; *Centrosis sylvatica Thouars 1852; Zoduba masuca (D.Don) Buch.-Ham. 1825

References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; Historie Particulier des Plantes Orchidees Recueilles Sur Trois Iles Australes d'Afrique Thouars 1822 as Centrosis sylvatica drawing fide; Bonplandia Rchb.f 1856 as C natalensis; Bonplandia Rchb.f 1856; Bonplandia Rchb.f 1857 as C emarginata; The Orchids of Sikkim-Himalaya Part 1 King & Pantling 1898 as C mascua drawing fide; Die Orchideen Von Java J.J.Sm. 1905 as C emarginata; Encyclopedia of Cultivated Orchids Hawkes 1965 as C natalensis; Encyclopedia of Cultivated Orchids Hawkes 1965 as C silvatica; AOS Bulletin Vol 32 No 10 1963 photo as C volkensii; An Introduction to the South African Orchids Schelpe 1966 as C natalensis; Orchids of Southern Ryukyu Islands Garay & Sweet 1974 as C textori drawing fide; The Orchids of South Central Africa Williamson 1977 as C corymbosa drawing/photo fide; The Orchids of South Central Africa Williamson 1977 as C natalensis drawing/photo fide; Orchid Digest Vol 45 No 4 1981 photo ok as C emarginata; Manual of Cultivated Orchids Bechtel; Cribb & Laurent 1982; Wild Orchids of Southern Africa Stewart, Linder, Schelpe & Hall 1982 photo fide; Die Orchideen 3 Auflage Bd 1 Sonderabdruck aus Schlechter Brieger, Maatsch and Senghas # 43-46 Thuniinae etc 1984 as C masuca photo ok; Die Orchideen 3 Auflage Bd 1 Sonderabdruck aus Schlechter Brieger, Maatsch and Senghas # 43-46 Thuniinae etc 1984 photo ok; Flora of Tropical East Africa Orchidaceae Part 2 Cribb 1984; Orchids of Java Comber 1990 photo fide; Orchids of Penninsular Malaysia and Singapore Seidenfaden & Woods 1992 drawing/photo fide; Orchids of Borneo Vol 1 Chan, Shim, Lamb & Wood 1994 drawing/photo fide; A Checklist of the Orchids of Borneo Wood & Cribb 1994 drawing fide; Manual of Orchids Stewart 1995; Flora Zambesiaca Vol 11 Part 1 Pope 1995; Orchids Of Kenya Stewart 1996 photo fide; Wild Orchids of China Tsi, Chen Mori 1997; African Orchids in the Wild and Cultivation La Croix 1997; Native Orchids of China in Colour Singchi, Zhanhuo and Yibo 1999 photo fide; A to Z of SE Asian Orchids O'Byrne 2001 photo fide; Beautiful Orchids of Nepal Rajbhandari & Bhattarai 2001 as C mascua; Botanica's Orchids Laurel Glen 2002; Orchids of Sumatra Comber 2002 photo not; Orchids of Bhutan Pearce & Cribb 2002; Lindleyana Vol 17 No 1 2002; Flora Malesiana Orchids of the Philippines Vol I Agoo, Shuiteman and de Vogel 2003 as C masuca; AOS Bulletin Vol 73 No 3 2004; Wild Orchids in Myanamar Vol 2 Tanaka 2004 as C mascua; Flora's Orchids Nash & La Croix 2005; Orchids of India A Glimpse Misra 2007 photo ok; Orchids of India A Glimpse Misra 2007 as C purpurea; Field Guide to the Orchids of Northern South Africa and Swaziland McMurty, Grobler, Grobler & Burns 2008; A Field Guide to the Orchids of China Singchi, Zhongjian, Yibo, Xiaohua and Zhanhuo 2009 photo ok; Flora of China Vol 25 Zhengyi, Raven & Deyuan 2009; Flora of China Vol 25 Illustrations Zhengyi, Raven & Deyuan 2010 drawing ok; The Atlas of Wild Orchids in Hainan Island, China Shenyan and Junmei 2010 photo fide; The Wild Orchids in Yunnan Xu Xiang Ye & Liu 2010 photos ok; Wild Orchids of Penninsular Malaysia Ong, O'Byrne, Yong & Saw 2011 photo fide

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