Caularthron bilamellatum (Rchb. f.) R.E. Schult. 1958 Photo by © Ana Patricia from Nicaragua
Plant in situ Bocas Del Toros Panama 10/11 Photos by © Jay Pfahl
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Common Name The Two-Ledged Caularthrom
Flower Size up to 1 1/2" [up to 3.75 cm]
Found in Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Trinidad & Tobago, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru as a small sized, hot to warm growing epiphyte found in dry tropical forests at elevations of sealevel to 700 meters with long-cylindrical, fusiform or elongate-ovoid pseudobulbs enveloped by white, papery bracts carrying, 3 to 4, towards the apex, oblong or elliptic-oblong, fleshy, coriaceous, obtuse leaves that blooms on an apical, to 3' [90 cm] long, erect, occasionally branched, racemose inflorescence arising on a mature pseudobulb with several to many scented flowers that often do not open well occurring in the late winter and spring. This plant is cleistogamous [self-pollinating] and often has the flowers not opening as they are already fertilized. This species can bloom out of the apex of a newly emerging pseudobulb that will not develop further if the plant is under stress and is often found in conjunction with ants and may benefit from their presence..
Synonyms Caularthron bivalvatulum [Schlechter] Jones 1974; Diacrium bigibberosum (Rchb. f.) Hemsl. 1883; Diacrium bilamellatum (Rchb. f.) Hemsl. 1883; Diacrium bilamellatum var reichenbachianum Schlechter 1922; Diacrium bivalvatulum Schltr. 1923; Diacrium ulmeckei Kraenzlin 1927; Diacrium venezuelanum Schltr. 1919; Epidendrum bigibberosum Rchb. f. 1862; *Epidendrum bilamellatum Rchb. f. 1862
References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; Lankester's Epidendra Website CR ; Ann. Bot. Syst. 6: 345. 1862 as Epidendrum bilamellatum; Xenia Orchidaceae Vol 3 Reichenbach 1883 as Epidendrum bilamellatum drawing; Biol. Cent.-Amer., Bot. 3(16): 222. 1884 as Diacrium bilamellatum; Die Orchideen der Sudamerikanischen Kordillerenstaaten I Venezuela Schlechter 1919 as Diacrium venezuelanum; Repert. Sp. Nov. Regni. Veg. Beih. 17: 47. Panama Schlechter 1922 as Diacrium bilamellatum; *Repert. Sp. Nov. Regni. Veg. Beih. 19: 132. Costa Rica Schlechter 1923 as Diacriu bivalvatulum; AOS Bulletin Vol 27 No 6 1958 as Diacrium bilamellatum; Venezuelan Orchids Illustrated Vol 1 Dunsterville & Garay 1959; Native Orchids of Trinidad Schultes 1960; AOS Bulletin Vol 38 No 6 1969; Flora de Venezuela Foldats Volumen XV Part 3 1970; Orquideologia Vol 12 3/4 1977/8; Manual of Cultivated Orchids Bechtel, Cribb & Laurent 1982; Manual of Orchids Stewart 1995; An Illustrated Encyclopedia of Orchids Pridgeon 1982; Encyclopedia of Cultivated Orchdis Hawkes 1965 photo fide; Orchidaenfloren Kordillerenstaaten 1: Venezuela Schlechter 1920; Icones Planetarum Tropicarum Plate 020 Dodson 1980 drawing fide; Icones Planetarum Tropicarum Plate 634 Hamer 1982 drawing fide; Venezuelan Orchids Illustrated Vol 1 Dunsterville & Garay 1959 drawing fide; Flora de Venezuela Volumen 15 Parte 3 Foldats 1970 drawing fide; Las Orquedias De El Salvador Hamer 1974 drawing/photo fide; Orchids from The Coast Of Ecuador Arosemana, Jurado, Estrada and Konanz 1988 photo hmm; Orchids of the Eastern Caribbean Kenny 1988; Orchids of Venezuela; An Illustrated Field Guide Vol 1 Dunsterville & Garay 1979 drawing fide; Native Colombian Orchid Vol 1 COS 1990 photo fide; Native Ecuadorian Orchids Vol 1 Dodson 1993 photo fide; Cattleyas and Their Relatives Vol V Withner 1998; Orchids of Venezuela [An illustrated field guide] Vol. 1 Ramiro and Carnevali 2000 drawing fide; Orquideas Nativas del Tachira' Cesar Fernandez 2003 phot ofide; Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana Vol 7 Steyermark, Berry, Yatskievych and Holst 2003; AOS Bulletin Vol 73 No 8 2004; *The Cattleya and Their Relatives Vol 7 The Debateable Epidendrum Withner & Harding 2004; Flora Of Ecuador # 76 225[2] Dodson & Luer 2005 drawing fide; Vanishing Beauty; Native Costa Rican Orchids Vol 1 Pupulin 2005
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